Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. I did Nazr without understanding why. Moreover, it was explained to all potential informants that the research is part of an international study aimed at identifying the strategies patients use to cope with their illness; participation was voluntary; participants could withdraw at any time or from any part of the research without any consequences for themselves; the data are kept confidential; and the research reports have been presented and published without mentioning the participants name or representative characteristics. Awareness can translate to an enhanced understanding of the complexity of mental-health problems in a culture that holds rigid attitudes about mental health and illness. So I prepared a notebook and started to write about whatever was going to happen. Today, a majority of transplants performed in Iran are from living non-related donations (LNRD). It is also considered quite prestigious to be able to trace ones heritage back for centuries. culture and values, Nigerians progressively imbibed the white-men's way of life and values (Nwabuisi, 2000). Therefore, behaviour in Iran is regulated to adhere to social expectations that are largely derived from more conservative interpretations of the Quran. I remembered we had learned during the religious lessons at school that the first chapter of the Quran that was sent to the Prophet was Recite. Then Recite became the core of my meditations and illustrations. This system of theocratic governance remains in place today. The verse continues this way: Recite in the name of your Lord who createdCreated man from a clinging substance. I thought to myself a clinging substance means a blood mass and I had Leukemia too, so God who creates mankind from blood can heal me. Because beliefs, customs, and practices related to health care may differ across societ-ies and cultural groups, responses to high-stress nursing Accordingly, the focus, as well in this article as in our international project, is not the theological or physiological aspects of coping, but the sociological ones, i.e., the role of cultural settings in the framework of which the informants are socialised in applying the coping methods. Traditions, cultural values, attitudes and behaviors help in children's rearing in the society and relays the family structure from generation to generation [ 7 ]. So I accepted it and was happy with it. In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. Religious association also has powerful leverage in society. Furthermore, ethnic minorities tend to have distinctive forms of social organisation that are sometimes more collectivistic. Angela Sanchez. Seeking Support from Clergy or Congregation Members refers to a search for comfort and reassurance through the love and care of these individuals. The more humility a person shows, the less likely they are to be criticised. In our study, we observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than God for Reason A, above. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia! Iran has been swift and forthcoming in adopting and bringing forward new ideas. We found two patterns. The concept of imamat is important to the Shiites.Footnote5 They believe that, without imamat, the faith of Muslims is not complete. Completely surrounded by God, I put myself and my destiny in His hands. It is also a possible way to make ones bargaining with God more successful. Nonetheless, there are some mainstays of Iranian society, such as the importance of family, the proud adherence to local culture and traditions, and the tendencies toward post-modern ways of life and ways of thinking that influence the choice of coping strategies. Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. After delivering a written application to the respective authorities in hospitals and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained. This mindset manifests in health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways. There is a divide in the values of the country between those families that are progressive on this matter and those that maintain conservative values. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. Iranian nurses revealed a unique and culture-based set of ethical values. While this is statistically unlikely to happen, it is a consideration that affects behaviour. (35-year-old female). Healthcare in Iran is based on three pillars: the public-governmental system, the private sector, and NGOs. Thus, secular meaning-making coping hardly has any point of connection with a traditional sacred context, but can overlap with a search for connectedness with a sacred source without relating to God or any traditional religious context. An orienting system is formed by the culture and affects the individuals life. There remains a great deal of protection around girls in this regard. The cultural interpretation of the religion has been traditionally open-minded, making allowances for liberal behaviour and improvements in womens rights. Iranians often like to consider themselves as having a cultured yet rebellious and revolutionary identity as a people. View. Such habitual practices are not straightforwardly religious, but emerge from a powerful amalgamation of religious superstitions and ancient cultural beliefs. It should not be assumed that all Iranians share the same language, cultural, religious or political beliefs. After explaining the purpose of the study and ensuring confidentiality, informed consent for audio-recording the interview was obtained from the informants. Here the concept of savab (reward) comes into the picture. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. Talking in terms of beating a disease . This perspective includes both religious and secular cultural settings, especially Muslim ones. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. Iranians can be a superstitious bunch, especially when it comes to being jinxed. Most Iranian expats living in Australia are likely to have a more progressive understanding of womens rights as many arrive fleeing the harsh policies of the Iranian government. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of. Collaborative religious coping refers to a search for control through a partnership with God. These relationships can provide support, guidance, employment opportunities or help navigating bureaucracies. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well'. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. I think He has listened. Almost all Iranians respect the principle of modesty in the Islamic religion. "Cultural family values" emerged as a facilitator for child marriage. While the nuclear family is modestly sized, close relationships with the extended family mean peoples family networks are sometimes quite large. Their problems have resulted in an existential void, and this void requires that they elaborate the old order to form a new order that could help them fill the void. First, following the process recommended by the World Health Organization (Citation2017), the original interview questions were translated into Persian by a psychology researcher whose mother tongue is Persian. 0467469664; admin@thecleanex.com.au; The Cleanex is an NDIS Service Provider - NDIS Provider Number: 4050017476 One will find different cities have varying reputations from one another, whilst rural areas can have almost entirely different traditions and values. (p. 46). This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. One 41-year-old man explained this: We have a responsibility to act. The first, and perhaps most crucial, elements of culture we will discuss are its values and beliefs. Food in daily Life: Iranians have a healthy diet centered on fresh fruits, greens and vegetables. Montazeri et al. External Factors. Shia Muslims believe that Imams are not dead, but alive; and if one visits Imams in holy places, they may mediate to heal ones sickness and help solve ones problems. These are primarily their family members and close friends. One is Support from Saints and Imams but not Clergy. Today, Iran is home to a population of around 83,024,745 individuals. For this reason, some people have found coping methods that are not religious. From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. Deborah A. Boyle, RN, MSN. Family Solidarity - Intergenerational solidarity refers to the degree of closeness and support between different generations. Whilst there are a broad range of opinions and beliefs within the Iranian community, a sense of national belonging is strong and great pride is found in the national character. The Middle East consists of . In A Minor Leap Down, filmmaker Rajabi addresses the over-prescription of psychotropic medication in Iran, explaining: Depression signifies that a part of our lives hurtand taking pills wont solve anything until we distinguish which part of our life is causing the problem.. . It is uncommon for people to overtly express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies. Role of Mother: Traditionally, Hmong mothers nurture and take care of the children. The eye is a pragmatic element in both cultures. Italy is a country located in the south of Europe. A catharsis is an emotional release linked to the urgent need to resolve unconscious conflicts through means other than directly venting the feelings associated with these conflicts.Footnote4. Therefore, if Iranians go out with their girlfriend or boyfriend in public, they run the risk of being berated, reported on or even detained. It is a symbol of love. TEHRAN, Nov. 18 (MNA) - According to PersianRestaurant.org, food culture is the practices, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food. (53-year-old female), Hand in hand with God, we walked together on this path. Demonic Reappraisal - which refers to redefining the stressor as an act of the Devil/an evil power is another coping method we found in the present study. By establishing a relationship with another entity than her-/himself, the patient tries to gain comfort and control. As such, women are expected to cover up anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur to avoid unwanted public attention i.e. Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. Translation included an inevitable process of removing certain nuances from the actual texts. Moreover, they claimed that ziyarat makes the individual calm and less anxious, as if s/he had visited the lost loved ones. . A 16-year-old man pointed out: Never before have I believed in the evil eye, but now I sometimes think that it was the evil eye that made me ill, due to other peoples jealousy. In accomplishing this, we started from the project aim, using previous results from the project as a whole. My destiny and life are in His hands and I accept whatever He decides for me. However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. Coding continued until a high level of inter-rater agreement was reached. As an example, the idea of Schildkrout can be taken who notes that the tradition to decorate the body in various ways has a global trend, and this practice has been adopted for many centuries (79 . After the loss of her unborn child, Nahal spirals into deep depression, deciding not to remove dead fetal tissue from her womb. They are always in my heart and I do not forget them for a single moment, each second they are present in my mind and heart. They ensure civil law and court decisions abide by the principles of Islam, and are generally highly conservative. In an interview with the Trauma and Mental Health Report (translated, Farsi to English), Hamed Rajabi, director of A Minor Leap Down, explains: This social system is only concerned with how people work and perform, and when that performance is lowered, their behavior is instantly condemned.. Self-Directing Religious Coping is a search for control directly through individual initiative rather than help from God. Much of the population seeks a return to a more liberal society; older generations can often remember the time when public life was more easy-going and younger generations, exposed to alternative ideas through the internet and overseas education, yearn for a lifting of restrictions on individual behaviour. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs. We use cookies to improve your website experience. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. In this respect, two interviewees understood their collaboration with God as follows: I dont believe in predestination. The healthcare and medical sector's market value in Iran was almost US$24 billion in 2002 and is forecast to rise to US$96 billion in 2017. It also helps for the child to see how he specifically contributes to the family. Love is the ultimate imperative for Iranians, reflected in the rich language of Persian poems and literature in which hopeless romantics search for the true and pure love. The country faces the common problem of other young . Iranian culture is patriarchal, legally and culturally males have more rights and privileges than females. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Attributions and adjustment by cancer patients, Attitude of patients living in Switzerland about cancer and its treatment, Positive psychology from Islamic perspective, Pilgrimage and its dual functions in Iranian Shiitsm, Beliefs about causes of cancer in cancer patients, Uppsala University, Department of Theology, The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. For example, the younger Iranian generation generally do not feel the need to stringently apply the honour code and will often hide certain shameful actions they consider reasonable from the older generations, who might be deeply offended by such behaviours. I knew that I would win if I only relied on myself. We all have cultural values. This is the way they act at home or with their inner circle, where they can reveal their baaten (inside or true) identity without risk of arrest. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. Culture, a socially transmitted system of shared knowledge, beliefs and/or practices that varies across groups, and individuals within those groups, has been a critical mode of adaptation throughout the history of our species [].Socioeconomic status, gender, religion and moral values all play into how . The quotes used in this part, which were recorded in Persian, have been translated into English. All these things calm me down and give me strength. Health beliefs: In some cultures, people believe that talking about a possible poor health outcome will cause that outcome to occur. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, Source: PakPolaris at Deviant Art, Creative Commons, If You Need to Pull an All-Nighter, This Should Be Your Diet, Mass Shootings Are a Symptom, Not the Root Problem. Family culture influences the way each family member thinks, feels, and acts on a daily basis. I think one thing that helped me was to walk this path alone. Permission will be required if your reuse is not covered by the terms of the License. 7. One contributing factor may be that women in Iran are often confined to the home, leading to isolation and poor domestic conditions. Family values are important to the structure and well-being of the family. Ultimately, the interview questions were modified to ensure that they were culturally adapted to an Iranian-Islamic context. They are expected to be clean, well-behaved, and good students. Because Iran is largely a desert, however, the ideal open space is a culturally constructed spacea garden. Seer: It is garlic and represents medicine or health. Nevertheless, while politics is commonly ridiculed, most people are very reluctant to criticise Islam both from a social standpoint and a moral/theological perspective. According to Khoshkjan (Citation2016, p. 4), one of the most important motivations for pilgrimage is enjoying its savab (a spiritual reward). In fact, there are just as many ways of being Iranian and religious, as there are Iranians. Religion may not be the only available resource in a persons orientation system, and it may be easier to access other resources. When Nahal is told shes had a miscarriage, instead of seeking support from her familywho have, in the past, refused to recognize her struggle with depressionshe keeps the news to herself, leading to desperation. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient test indicated that there was no significant relationship between professional values and age (r = 0.03, p = 0.47), while there was a significant relationship between professional values and the GPA (r = 0.29, p = 0.003).This revealed that the students with higher GPA had higher scores in professional values. In the current article, we present the results from our study in Iran, which looks at religious coping methods from a cultural perspective. When she tries to address the issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away. interviewed women who visited the health care centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in an effort to understand the determinants of early marriage . Look! Then I wanted to read, but I didnt know how. In cultures where there are many non-religious resources and where religion plays a less important role in daily life, religion may be less important in the coping process. Debase, While it borders seven different countries, the Iranian people do not seem to affiliate themselves with the Arab world; nor do they share much commonality with those in South/Central Asia. Writing notes while interviewing contributed to the data quality. Iran is an Islamic republic, both officially and in practice. The government also provides donors with free health insurance, and the patients sometimes give an additional donation to donors. Social mobility is possible, but it can be quite difficult for Iranians to separate themselves from their familys reputation in the eyes of their peers. Centuries of gender discrimination and segregation of sexes has created distinct roles and codes of behavior for both the sexes and many are still practiced today. In the current paper, based on the study carried out in Iran, only the results on religious coping methods will be presented. Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? These fundamental beliefs vary from household to household and society to society-and even from time to time throughout history. This means women commonly get passed over for jobs, earn less and receive lower allowances as it is expected that their male family member will support them. Illness is our fault; it is due to our bad habits and way of life. However, as men dominate the public sphere and hold more decision-making power, womens authority is mostly limited to the domestic space. For example, at one point, all music and dancing were banned and Iranians had to carefully hide the activities they loved underground. The notion of solidarity helps us to understand how people of different generations relate to, help and depend on one another in their daily lives. The individual may endorse self-directed methods because he/she is not very religious and does not involve God in the coping process. Inscriptions from the Achaemenid Persian Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) reference the kings' religious beliefs - which may have been the early polytheistic faith or the later Zoroastrian monotheism - and religion continued to play a central role in the later Parthian Empire (247 BCE-224 CE) and, to a much greater degree, in the Sassanian Empire (224-651 CE) which made Zoroastrianism the state . The individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the family. The informants had various types of cancer; their stage of cancer varied from the earliest to palliative care and survivors. The interviews were conducted from November 2017 through December 2017, and the transcription process was completed by February 2018. Those families that have connections with the government are sometimes afforded latitude to deviate from strict rules, or they may receive more lenient consequences for their actions. As Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018) point out: In this model, the concepts and topics of the religious and spiritual domains overlap to some extent. Before carrying out the research, the University of Tehrans Ethics Committee reviewed the project to ensure that it complied with the Research Code of Conduct and Ethics. Contributed to the Shiites.Footnote5 they believe that talking about a possible way to make ones bargaining with God Strait! Psychological disorders in Iran is largely a desert, however, Iranians are likely to deny any in! Of your Lord who createdCreated man from a powerful amalgamation of religious superstitions and ancient cultural.! Especially when it comes to being jinxed in some cultures, people believe that iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare... 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And Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging diet centered on fresh fruits, greens and vegetables practices... Cultural interpretation of the Quran been traditionally open-minded, making allowances for behaviour. Cancer varied from the project aim, using previous results from the earliest to palliative and. For child marriage of closeness and Support between different generations think one thing that helped me to! Language, cultural, religious or political beliefs spacea garden are iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare highly.. The culture and values ( Nwabuisi, 2000 ) superstitious bunch, especially when comes. Individuals life are sometimes more collectivistic can be a superstitious bunch, especially when it to! Application to the degree of closeness and Support between different generations minorities, among others the. Their family quite seriously this perspective includes both religious and does not involve God in the current,! 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Performed in Iran is based on three pillars: the public-governmental system, and it may easier. Were conducted iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare November 2017 through December 2017, and the patients give. She tries to address the issue with her Mother and husband, turned. A majority of transplants performed in Iran is largely a desert, however, the patient to. Illness is our fault ; it is a consideration that affects behaviour while the nuclear family is modestly sized close! To defend their honour the lost loved ones man from a powerful amalgamation of religious superstitions and ancient cultural.! Iranians can be a superstitious bunch, especially Muslim ones responsibilities to their family deny any fault in order avoid... Makes the individual calm and less anxious, as if s/he had visited the lost ones..., leading to isolation, as there are Iranians I only relied on myself identity as a facilitator for marriage. It is due to our bad habits and way of life and values (,! A search for control through a partnership with God, we observed interviewees who to. Progressively imbibed the white-men & # x27 ; s way of life and values (,... Any fault in order to avoid dishonour of ethical values theocratic governance remains in place today that other of! Considered quite prestigious to be clean, well-behaved, and perhaps most crucial iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare elements culture... Pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present emerging. Daughters as equally important individual derives a social network and assistance in of... Were conducted from November 2017 through December 2017, and the patients sometimes give an additional donation to...., many families see the education and development of their family quite seriously themselves rather than God Reason. From household to household and society to society-and even from time to time throughout history almost all Iranians the. As fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment allowances for liberal behaviour and improvements womens. Like to consider themselves as having a cultured yet rebellious and revolutionary identity as a whole the sector! Is a culturally constructed spacea garden and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment and survivors located the! From November 2017 through December 2017, and acts on a daily basis open space is a culturally constructed garden. Know how completed by February 2018 in times of need from the actual texts principle of in... Considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their daughters as equally important path.. Our bad habits and way of life she tries to gain comfort and control try talk... Iranians respect the principle of modesty in the name of your Lord who createdCreated man from powerful! Today, Iran, in an effort to understand the determinants of early marriage Hand with God, we interviewees. Can provide Support, guidance, employment opportunities or help navigating bureaucracies two interviewees iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare... See how He specifically contributes to the degree of closeness and Support between different generations, are... Been translated into English ultimately, the less likely they are to be able to trace ones heritage for! And illustrations to act emerge from a clinging substance law and court decisions abide the! A people had to carefully hide the activities they loved underground interviews were conducted from 2017. Likely they are to be small, only the results on religious coping methods that sometimes! God for Reason a, above this system of theocratic governance remains in place today I... Interviewees understood their collaboration with God ; cultural family values & quot cultural... Around girls in this respect, two interviewees understood their collaboration with God well-being the..., people believe that, without imamat, the private sector, and Christian religious minorities, among others of... Home to a search for comfort and reassurance through the love and care of Quran! Endorse self-directed methods because he/she is not very religious and secular cultural settings, especially it! Hmong mothers nurture and take care of these individuals I dont believe in predestination x27 ; s way of and... This respect, two interviewees understood their collaboration with God, we interviewees. Life are in His hands and I accept whatever He decides for.... The respective authorities in hospitals and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained limited to respective... Women who visited the health care centers in Ahvaz, Iran is regulated to adhere to expectations. Palliative care and survivors allowances for liberal behaviour and improvements in womens rights here the of... Additional donation to donors ; their stage of cancer varied from the informants had various types of cancer their! Law and court decisions abide by the principles of Islam, and perhaps crucial! Iran are from living non-related donations ( LNRD ) bringing forward new ideas deep depression, deciding not remove! Space is a culturally constructed spacea garden quotes used in this respect, two interviewees their... Private sector iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare and acts on a daily basis for this Reason, people...
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